Patrons Rev. Fr. Dionysius Vaz, SJ Rev. Fr. Daniel Fernandes, SJ President, BJES Bangalore Vice President, BJES Bangalore

Dr. Charles Lasrado, SJ Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Poornima Vijaykumar Ms. Sagaya Swetha N Joseph Managing Editor Assistant Editor

ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Oswald A.J. Mascarenhas, SJ Dr. Nicholas Santos, SJ Emeritus Professor XLRI, Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India Associate Professor, Heider College of Business, Creighton University, Omaha, USA. Prof. P.D. Jose Dr. Joseph F. Maria Serrano, SJ Associate Professor of Corporate Strategy & Policy, Indian Institute of Management - Bengaluru, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Associate Professor, Department of Society, Politics and Sustainability ESADE, Barcelona, Spain. Dr. J. Dennis Rajakumar Dr. Tad Gonsalves, SJ Director – EPW Research Foundation, Kandivli (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. Mr. T.V. Mohandas Pai Dr. Benedict Valentine Arulanandam Chairman Manipal Global Education, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Professor of Finance, Australian University Program (AUP) Sunway College, Malaysia. Dr. Jeevan Kumar Dr. Anugamini Priya Honorary Professor, Karnataka State Rural Development and Panchayat Raj University Gadag, Karnataka, India. Assistant Professor & Associate Editor (SAMVAD) Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Dr. Anupama S Kotur Dr. Samudhra Rajakumar Visiting Professor Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Professor and Head Department of Business Administration, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Dr. D. Raja Jebasingh Dr. Sridhar L.S Associate Professor St. Joseph’s College of Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Associate Professor St. Joseph’s College of Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Athambawa Jahfer Dr. Babu V Professor & Head Senior Lecturer Grade -I in Commerce, Faculty of Management and Commerce, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, University Park, Oluvil, Sri Lanka. HOD-Commerce & Management IQAC Coordinator St Pauls College, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Dr. Uma Nagarajan Dr. Gundupagi Manjunath Associate Professor Department of Management, BITS Pilani Birla Institute Of Technology And Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Professor & Principal, Bheemi Reddy Institute of Management Science, Adoni, Andhra Pradesh, India. Dr. Smitha B Nair Dr Anitha Ramachander Associate Professor DCSMAT Kinfra Film & Video Park, Sainik School P.O Kazhakoottam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Director, MBA and MCA The Oxford College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Dr. Sakthivel N Dr S R Ganesh Associate Professor & Head, Department of Commerce, GASC, Gobichettypalayam, Tamilnadu, India. Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women University, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. Dr. K. S. Chandrasekar Dr. Balaji M Senior Professor in Management University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Associate Professor Post Graduate Dept. of Management Sheshadripuram College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.